Synopsis on Consumer Behaving Behaviour Free Essays

Consumer Buying Behaviour Introduction: Consumer buying behavior is the study of human responses to products or services and the marketing of products/services. The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make their decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption related itemsor consumption related aspects (What they buy? When they buy? How they buy? ). It also study of individuals, or organisations and the processes consumers use to search, select, use and dispose of products, services, experience, or ideas to satisfy needs and its impact on the consumer and society. We will write a custom essay sample on Synopsis on Consumer Behaving Behaviour or any similar topic only for you Order Now Buyer behaviour is deeply rooted in psychology with dashes of sociology thrown in just to make things more interesting. Since every person in the world is different, it is impossible to have simple rules that explain how buying decisions are made. But those who have spent many years analysing customer activity have presented us with useful â€Å"guidelines† in how someone decides whether or not to make a purchase. The evaluation of marketing concept from mere selling concept to consumerorientedmarketing has resulted in buyer behaviour becoming an independentdiscipline. The growth of consumerism and consumer legislation emphasizes theimportance that is given to the consumer. Some consumers are characterized as being more involved in products andshopping than others. A consumer who is highly involved with a product wouldbe interested in knowing a lot about it before purchasing. Hence he readsbrochures thoroughly, compares brands and models available at different outlets, asks questions, and looks for recommendations. Thus consumer buying behaviour can be defined as heightened state of awareness that motivates consumer’s to seek out, attend to, and think about product information prior to purchase. Company profile: The City of Chennai is the Citadel of South. This City is known for promotion of culture, tradition and industry. The House of Khivraj is well known in the Automobilein this Metro. The flag ship company of the Group is â€Å"KHIVRAJ MOTORS LTD â€Å". This Company was dealing in the vehicles manufactured by Hindustan Motors Ltd for 35 years. This company was also dealing in two and Three Wheelers of Bajaj Auto Ltd for four decades. Now, the company has taken Dealership for Maruti Vehicles. The Company is proud to have an independent Body shop with modern gadgets. The Company has diverted the Dealership for Bajaj Auto Ltd. ’s products to its sister concerns to have clear focus in its operations. These concerns have modern show rooms and operate speciality ideal workshops for two and Three Wheelers. The automobile turnover of the group has crossed billion rupees. The management of the Company vests with Shri AJIT KUMAR CHORDIA who is a young dynamic technocrat and administrator with admirable skills in different spheres and Shri BHARAT KUMAR CHORDIA a young administrator who is known for his acumen in several fields and managerial capacity. They are guided by the Company Chairman Shri NAVARATANMULL CHORDIA who is groomed by the Founder of the Company Late Shri KHIVRAJ CHORDIA. Statement of the Problem: †¢ Consumers are booking for a bike and at last they are not purchasing the bike. †¢ Availability of goods services at proper time. †¢ Comparing of dealership in terms of price and discount. Need for the Study: †¢ To understand the buying roles of the consumer †¢ To analyse the consumer’s decision making process. †¢ To know growing market segments of company for consumers To know what features or product design acceptable by consumer Objectives of Study: †¢ To understand the major factors influencing consumer behaviour. †¢ To Know and recognize the types of buying behaviour decision behaviour. †¢ To understand how consumers make purchasing decisions and respond to purchasing. †¢ To understand how marketers analyse consumer decision-making. Scope of the Study: †¢ To distinguish different consumer groups and to develop products that satisfies the needs. To understand how consumers make purchasing choices among products/services. †¢ To know how consumers will respond to different product features, prices, advertisement appeals. Research Methodology: Research methodology is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested. In other words research methodology is an endeavour to discover answers to intellectual and practical problems through the application of scientific method. Research Design: Survey research is the systematic gathering of information from respondents for the purpose of understanding and/or predicting some aspects of the behaviour ofthe population of interest. It is the most common method of collecting primarydata for marketing decisions. Survey can provide data on attitudes, feelings, beliefs, past and intended behaviour, knowledge, ownership, personal characteristics and other descriptive items. Survey research is concerned withadministration of questionnaires (interviewing). The survey research must beconcerned with sampling, questionnaire design, questionnaire administrationand data analysis. Sampling: Sampling is the process of selecting units (e. g. , people, organizations) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen Sample size: The sample size of a statistical sample is the number of observations that constitute it. It is typically denoted n, a positive integer. Total 200 samples taken for analysis and interpretation. Data collection methods: For making analysis and interpreting the data; there are two methods have been used for collecting the data i. e. primary method and secondary method. Tool for data collection: Questionnaire (Sequence and layout) †¢ Primary Data: Questionnaire Method and interviewing method. †¢ Secondary Data: Marketing Management book and weekly journals. Chapter Scheme: Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Company Profile Chapter 3. Research Methodology Chapter 4. Analysis and Interpretation Chapter 5. Findings recommendations and Conclusion How to cite Synopsis on Consumer Behaving Behaviour, Essay examples

Security Enhancement in Tracking Area Update

Question: Write an essay on "improving the security techniques in 4G LTE". Answer: 1. Introduction: The emergence of LTE as the preferred communication technology in the global arena, shows that the issue of security is an immediate concern that the MNO (mobile network operators) need to focus (Abeta, 2010). Designers of the LTE network architecture always kept simplicity in mind that accepts the IP based new system with MME (mobile management entity) and Serving gateway as the indispensable elements. This new system however, needs the security design as its protocols including authentication process, session management which is the key to the LTE adoption success at commercial level. The LTE system consists of the location status update and paging which is composed of Tracking areas TA in Tracking area list TAL (Bikos Sklavos, 2013). It is widely known fact that each of the MNO has implemented its own security system and mostly are using DoS (denial of service) attack detection technologies. The issue hence is to evaluate the TAU (Tracking area update) analysis that is integral t o the LTE operations process is of emerging importance to the MNO firms that should be able to protect the service gateway. In an evolutionary note, each of the LTE networks need to try to design the security mapping that addresses the broader technical and stakeholder requirements (Astely et al., 2013). The LTE system assigns the security element to the TA but the security system at each phase in the total architecture thwarts the intrusion which largely a gap. The emergence of the technology in the mobile communication which lacks in the security features therefore needs the security to be enhanced in order to TAU method in the networks supporting LTE to be robust and failsafe (Cao et al. 2014). It will hence be a long term solution and preferred platform or else the LTE technology will lose the commercial viability with an abrupt end in the adoption cycle by users and also by MNO. 1.1 Research aim: To find out the security enhancement in Tracking Area Update(TAU) procedure in LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks 1.2 Resesrach objectives: To understand the LTE network architecture and working mechanism To evaluate the security structure and TAU To find out the best practices of security enhancement system from global cases To propose the evolutionary security enhancement in TAU for evolution in the LTE networks 1.3 Research questions: Question 1: What is the structure of LTE network and its working mechanism? Question 2: How does the security in TAU work and affect whole system? Question 3: What are the security best practices that can aid enhancements? Question 4: How can best practices be applied in TAU to make LTE failsafe? 2. Literature review: In order to understand the criticalities, the literature review will outline the past research and the concepts which will shape the discussion. The current research will be carried out in the arena of LTE which is an emerging mobile technology platform in the world. However there issues of security are plaguing the lifecycle of the technology platform and hence it calls for the developers to take a note on that. The LTE architecture has the MME which is the control plane entity and supports the TA list management (Abdul Basit, 2009). The Tracking Area TA, is referred to the limits within which the user of LTE can access the network without notifying the MME (Piro et al. 2011). The TAL or tracking area list is what the UE gets from a mobile cell in the form of TAI or tracking area identity. The element TAU tracking area update hence can inform the EPC (evolved packet core) for all the registered UEs in the connected state (Purkhiabani Salahi, 2011). The TAU procedure, as it is defined, gets the triggers. The UE initiates it by sending a TAU request to the eNoDeB that carries the RRC parameters for the rebalancing of load. The eNoDeB derives MME in the selected network, where UE shows that TAU procedure is active and triggered by load rebalancing (Purkhiabani et al. 2011). The new MME that receives the GUTI from UE usually sends a context request to get the user information. UE validates that new MME has validated the integrity protection of TAU message. If the context request send then the old MME usually responds with the message, so the integrity of TAU request message is checked, which in case does not match then fails the authentication. However, MME either skips authentication or accepts it to continue TAU procedure, while when UE (emergency and non emergency) services fails, MME continues the TAU procedure with deactivation of PDN connection. MME can change to a new MME and relocate to SGW, and serve a new SGW. It also ver ifies the EPS bearer status from UE in relation to other bearer context, while SGW informs PGW in relation to the new change that is updated (Razavi et al. 2014). This returns a modified bearer response MSISDN to route the PDUs to the PDW. It in the eNoDeB that creates a session response for the new MME that verifies if it holds data for the UE or by the IMSI of the context data from old node. MME sends an update location request to HSS, and the SGSN registration is not cancelled. If the EPS bearers of UE has an emergency value then new MME skips updation of location process. HSS sends cancel location (IMSI) to old MME. If the CSG ID has expired, MME sends a tracking area update reject message to UE (Roy et al. 2012). There are many conditions through which the TAU procedures can be triggered and most commonly when the UE detects its presence in a new area, that is registered with the MNO network, or when TA has expired over time (Khandekar et al. 2010). The first issue where the UE enters the new TA which does not have the list of TAIs that is registered with UE is a known issue. The security issues as per the signalling procedures show that the there is an integrity check when the context request message is there. There is evidence that LTE system architecture assumes itself as a default initiator, so for the illegal third party users attacking MME is easy as it does not have any protection protocol (Chung, 2011). Thus, the TAU methods which is dependent on the MME completely does not have enough strong safety mechanism in terms of vulnerability from the external attacks. The overloading of the serving gateway happens when the MME gets the context of multiple users and it send the create bearer request to the serving gateway. The overloading happens when the UE switches to the new TA has exceptions to it (Lei et al. 2012). MME even after authentication procedure from UE, send a large number of create bearer request on real time. The phone which has programmable features can connect and trigger, the TAU requests which are send to new serving gateway from the eNodeB. The third situation is when the users send TAU requests to validate the users. The MME is housed in a safe network which is insufficient to ward off the third party intrusions when there is falsifying of user validation (Doppler et al. 2009). The enhancement of security hence seeks an architecture which is capable of recognising the problem earlier discussed. The incapability of recognising the mobile phone is a concern and hence an unique code like IMSI name and number in a TAU message can be useful (Liou et al. 2013). The change in the configuration is a necessary step that will ideally seek to gather information about the best practices of security in the mobile telecommunication s platform. Most importantly, the issue of serving gateway overload is a issue that needs introspection. The TAU procedures needs attention as the TAU request message that leads to MME working improperly ideally needs check as it causes create bearer request in the system. The ability to falsify information like number of users, also triggers of TAU procedures needs a check (Purkhiabani Salahi, 2011). The new security either needs the time based security protocols, or design identity responsive system which will eliminate the false phone user s in the network. The discarding of the packet of information by the Serving gateway can be strengthened by alternate technologies that support to identify the user (Ewe Bakker, 2011). The current LTE structure does not allow which shows gap in the security mechanism as third parties are able to fake the user identity to stay in the network and intrude the platform. This gap in the security has the opportunity to seek a solution that fills in the gaps in the existing system. The intrusion instances will be studied from the real time data and frequencies will be maintained and can lead to the trends which can be opportunities to find security enhancements. In this research the new security solution will be a new phenomenon which will be a study of the existing trends. 3. Research Methodology The current research will be carried out using an exploratory investigation as existing research on the chosen topic is inadequate. Exploratory research will be supported by qualitative data collection, mainly collected from secondary sources and analysed using case study design. Hence, the inductive method of theory/knowledge building will be feasible while understanding the security enhancement in TAU procedure in LTE networks. The researcher will follow a interpretivism philosophy which will help to carry out subjective research, instead of statistical analysis or mathematical calculations. Each of the research elements chosen in the methodology is discussed below with appropriate justification for making such choices 3.1 Exploratory research Denzin and Lincoln (2011) explained that exploratory research is usually followed when the actual research problem is not clearly defined and further studies are necessary to understand the nature of problems. It mainly emphasises on understanding the what of the problems by focusing on elaborate theories, explanations, perceptions and emotions shared by the research subjects. Using exploratory investigation, offers flexibility to carry out research using an informal approach rather than chasing already identified research problems, or testing hypothesis. Through exploratory research, what is the mechanism of security enhancement in TAU procedure in LTE networks will be identified and presented. 3.2 Interpretivism Interpretivism is a branch of epistemology that supports exploratory research and thematic analysis of subjective data obtained through qualitative data collection (Saunders et al. 2009). It opposes the positivist philosophy of quantitative research, scientific data testing and arriving at objective outcomes. Interpretivism is found suitable because the current study requires elaborate understanding on security enhancement in TAU and related concepts that is possible through qualitative research. The scope for scientific/statistical data testing is limited in this research, as the trend analysis to find the gaps in security lapses and reasons will be tabulated. 3.3 Inductive approach Inductive approach, as a theory building process starts with the observation of a phenomena, collection of elaborate data (usually qualitative research), studying the data patterns, formulating tentative hypothesis, and finally developing new knowledge base (Saunders et al. 2009). Deductive approach follows an opposite pattern, and tests already existing theories/concepts using quantitative approach. Inductive approach will be suitable because it will help to understand the procedures followed in security enhancement in TAU by studying existing research that already exists. Moreover, inductive research also aligns with the exploratory investigation, interpretivism and qualitative data collection to arrive at new concepts. 3.4 Qualitative data collection Qualitative research emphasises on discovering understanding experiences, thoughts and perspectives of human subjects either through interaction or stories already published. Qualitative research helps to maximise objectivity and generalisibility of the findings using extensive analysis of subjective information (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011). Qualitative research will help to understand the and interpret the opinion already put forward by experts dealing with security enhancement in TAU in long term evolution (LTE) networks in the information technology field. By interpreting already published data through secondary research such as case studies, thematic analysis can be carried out in order to clearly identify the problem and develop a conceptual framework. Quantitative research will not be suitable because it focuses more on statistical (quantitative) data testing to resolve a clearly identified problem. Quantitative research also aligns with positivism, deductive approach, and usually descriptive investigation that will not be suitable to understand the mechanisms used for security enhancement in TAU procedures in LTE networks. Qualitative data can be collected using interviews, focus group, action research (primary research) and case studies (mainly secondary research) depending on the feasibility, timelines, and complexity involved in the chosen topic. However, in the current research, the use of case studies will be followed to collect qualitative data from already published journals, articles, reports, research papers, and discourses relating to the IT subject. 3.5 Case studies Yin (2009) explains that the use of case study, when integrated with exploratory research, is made to investigate what questions. Case study will help to maintain flexibility by going through diverse research materials already published on security enhancement in TAU procedure in LTE network. By going through published materials, the researcher will be able to understand the complex issues, and focus on details contextual analysis relating to existing events or situation. It will also help to carry out an empirical enquiry that will help to investigate the chosen phenomena within real life context (Yin, 2009). The following will be the steps to carry out case study research using qualitative data collection Determine/define the research question Select appropriate cases to determine data collection and techniques for analysis Make preparation for data collection Data collection (mainly empirical) Analysis and evaluation of data Preparation of the report The creation of an enhanced security system hence will be closely related to the PLC (product life cycle curve) that will test the robustness of security in the LTE framework. References Abdul Basit, S., 2009. Dimensioning of LTE Network Description of Models and Tool, Coverage and Capacity Estimation of 3GPP Long Term Evolution radio interface. Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering, MsC. Abeta, S., 2010. Toward LTE commercial launch and future plan for LTE enhancements (LTE-Advanced). Association, G. mobile S., 2014. Astely, D. et al., 2013. LTE release 12 and beyond. IEEE Communications Magazine, 51(7), pp.154160. Bikos, a Sklavos, N., 2013. LTE/SAE security issues on 4G wireless networks. SP, vol. 11, n(March-April 2013), pp.pp. Cao, J. et al., 2014. A survey on security aspects for LTE and LTE-A networks. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 16(1), pp.283302. Chung, Y.W., 2011. Adaptive design of tracking area list in LTE. In 8th IEEE and IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks, WOCN2011. Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Page 271, 4th ed. London: Sage Publications. Doppler, K. et al., 2009. Device-to-device communication as an underlay to LTE-advanced networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47(12), pp.4249. Ewe, L. Bakker, H., 2011. Base station distributed handover optimization in LTE self-organizing networks. In IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC. pp. 243247. Khandekar, A. et al., 2010. LTE-advanced: Heterogeneous networks. In 2010 European Wireless Conference, EW 2010. pp. 978982. Lei, L. et al., 2012. Operator controlled device-to-device communications in LTE-advanced networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 19(3), pp.96104. Liou, R.H., Lin, Y.B. Tsai, S.C., 2013. An investigation on LTE Mobility management. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(1), pp.166176. Piro, G. et al., 2011. Simulating LTE cellular systems: An open-source framework. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60(2), pp.498513. Purkhiabani, M. Salahi, A., 2011. Enhanced authentication and key agreement procedure of next generation evolved mobile networks. In 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, ICCSN 2011. pp. 557563. Purkhiabani, M. Salahi, A., 2011. Enhanced authentication and key agreement procedure of next generation evolved mobile networks. In 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, ICCSN 2011. pp. 557563. Purkhiabani, M., Salahi, A. Nejati, M., 2011. Analysis of authentication traffic in next generation 3GPP LTE networks. In 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCOM 2011. Razavi, S.M. Yuan, D., 2014. Reducing signaling overhead by overlapping tracking area list in LTE. In 2014 7th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference, WMNC 2014. Roy, a., Shin, J. Saxena, N., 2012. Entropy-based location management in long-term evolution cellular systems. IET Communications, 6(2), p.138. Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2009) Research methods for business students, Page 52, 5th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Mba Essay Editing Service Reviews free essay sample

With a state of the art website, this company has talents from these top B schools who have mastered the art of essay writings. One look at the testimonial column says they have many successful candidates to their credit. Pros: †¢ Trusted brand. †¢Fair and affordable price. †¢Global coverage. †¢Trial package at just $25 Cons: †¢Do not have a contact number on website. It says it is lean. Veritsaprep. com One of the other companies is www. veritasprep. com. If you are seeking for GMAT exam solutions this company is a good bet. It claims to have ten years of experience in providing GMAT solution by a group of experienced professionals. Though this company is good, the charges are on the higher side. So if you are saving that extra penny for the dream B school of yours, you might give this company a second thought. Pros: †¢Comprehensive solution †¢Reputed Cons: †¢Charges at par with top companies Essaycom. We will write a custom essay sample on Mba Essay Editing Service Reviews or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page com Another company is www. essaycom. com. Though this company provides free essay strategies (Like essay Tips of Gateway2MBA) its services is also very expensive . ith $425 for each school it is about twice to three times the price of Gateway2MBA services. And the site also does not boast too much of professionalism. Pros: †¢Essay writing tips Cons: †¢Over priced Totaleditors. com Apart from MBA essay editing if you looking for something else www. totaleditors. com is the place to go. They also provide BOOK Editing Services, Dissertation editing services, Business Editing, Journal editing, ESL editing and proof reading services. So theirs is a full platter that you have to choose from. Another interesting thing is that they provide a free sample on your request. Pros: †¢A host of editing services. So you get the desired service. †¢Good availability of editors †¢Editors with diverse editing experience Cons: †¢Lacks specialization Apexwriters. com www. apexwriters. com is another company which had topped the list for quite a long period of time. Recently it has also started free essay sample editing service. Along with essay editing them also provide Interview Services, Resume writing along with rejection essay analysis. Though the service is a it too pricy yet it has made its niche in the market. Pros: †¢Free editing and profile evaluation †¢Varieties of services to choose from such as Scratch pad, Regular and Critique. †¢Other information such as application deadline Cons: †¢Charges are high for comprehensive packages. Aringo. com www. aringo. com is another such company with a pictorially represented site that boasts of its percentage of clients getting selected by taking its services. Its services range from $585 to $9200 Pros: †¢Good testimonials †¢Guaranteed service †¢Good information for MBA applicants Cons: †¢Over priced Accepted. com It is one of the reputed and well known firms in the MBA essay editing industry. Even the Wall Street Journal extols its services. Its founder Linda Abraham is a well known personality in this industry. She has presented detailed tips on its website and YouTube. Further, one can find a good collection of articles and books on accepted. com Pros: †¢A well known name in industry. †¢Good blog and books by Linda Braham Cons: †¢Overpriced. Vibranture. com If you have ever searched for â€Å"MBA essay editing† on Google. You will find Vibranture on top followed by accepted. om and Gateway2MBA. com. It mentions it is the best MBA essay editing service from India. It provides service for top business schools. However, it closes its services during April, May, June and July. Pros: †¢You will find them always on top of Google search result Cons: †¢One man show. †¢Website does not appeal or promising. So it is advised that before buying any of the services from any of the company, one must make a comparative study both of the money to be spent and the value to be received. Then one should make a calculated decision.

Book Banning essays

Book Banning essays Many parents believe that banning of books only affects the learning of their students when in fact, banning of books affects the learning of other students as well. There are a lot of parents who believe that what students read about in class may not be appropriate because of its content. When a parent tries to interfere with his/her childs right to read, I think it affects that student as well as other students, which I feel becomes censorship. Censorship has become a major problem in many schools throughout the United States. In the 14th annual report Attacks on the Freedom to Learn published by People for the American Way, there is an annual survey of censorship, and also attempted censorship, in national public schools that has statistics on the number of books being banned. For the 1993-1994 school year, the survey reported there were 462 challenges to curriculum and texts, which is the most in the 12 years the report has been published. One hundred fifty-seven of those challenges against curriculum and texts were successful (Gartner A13). One of the most controversial books, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, is a good example of a book that was challenged in 1994. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic American story that contains many valuable lessons. An editorial in USA Today discussed that Huck Finn believed it was a sin to help a runaway slave, but his conscience made him feel otherwise. Huck would rather risk eternal torment, than betray his black friend and companion, Jim (Poor Huck A23). Even though this story is about race during the period it was written, one of the main reasons that critics attacked this book was because of the frequent use of the word nigger. The word nigger is merely an indication of the period when the book was written. As discussed in Poor Huck, His Critics Just wont Listen to Him, Mark Twain wro ...

African American Civil Rights Short Essay

A century of slavery and half a century of Jim Crows segregation laws, the African American people were finally victorious when the civil rights act of 1964 and the Voting Rights act of 1965 were passed. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities and women. Congress finally asserted their authority to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8). Their duty is to guarantee all citizens equal protection including African Americans under the laws of the Fourteenth Amendment. Also the fourteenth Amendment protects voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibits the government from denying any citizen the ability, or right to vote based on race or color. For so long African Americans have been held back due to slavery and Jim Crow laws. After Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) racial segregation was necessary in all public facilities under the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal†. The fact of the matter is that whites and blacks were never equal, just separate. Jim Crow laws were adopted throughout the south to alienate black citizens and physically separate African Americans and whites. These laws institutionalized segregation of African Americans and whites and did not allow access use of the same schools, hospitals, prisons, public parks, housing communities, and even restrooms. Lets remember these facilities were completely unequal. The white facilities were obviously more luxurious in every way, and throughout the whole country it was obvious that in no section blacks were treated equal. The most important goal of these laws was to keep blacks from voting. Whites realized that once blacks were able to vote freely they truly were equal to every citizen. The best way they kept blacks from voting was through literacy tests. Through all the efforts whites were putting to keep blacks from voting they have been successful allowing less than 10% of blacks voting in the south in 1910. These segregation laws stayed until Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which overturned the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson. The decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. It was realized after this that racial segregation was ruled a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision paved the way for integration in the south and throughout the United States and was a major win in the civil rights movement. Blacks were most successfully when they were organized. The organized bus boycott, sit-ins, freedom rides, and march on Washington brought national attention to the war on civil rights. Martin Luther King Jr. led these events; his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is world famous now due to the significance of the civil rights movement. These demonstrations were pivotal for the African American community in declaring their liberty. Finally when the Civil rights Act of 1964 passed along with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, discrimination because of race was outlawed and any color human being could vote. Blacks were finally free and were the true winners of the civil rights movement 1950s and 1960s. They were finally equal and there rights were fully instilled. (Sources: The Logic of American Politics) African American Civil Rights Short Essay A century of slavery and half a century of Jim Crows segregation laws, the African American people were finally victorious when the civil rights act of 1964 and the Voting Rights act of 1965 were passed. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities and women. Congress finally asserted their authority to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8). Their duty is to guarantee all citizens equal protection including African Americans under the laws of the Fourteenth Amendment. Also the fourteenth Amendment protects voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibits the government from denying any citizen the ability, or right to vote based on race or color. For so long African Americans have been held back due to slavery and Jim Crow laws. After Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) racial segregation was necessary in all public facilities under the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal†. The fact of the matter is that whites and blacks were never equal, just separate. Jim Crow laws were adopted throughout the south to alienate black citizens and physically separate African Americans and whites. These laws institutionalized segregation of African Americans and whites and did not allow access use of the same schools, hospitals, prisons, public parks, housing communities, and even restrooms. Lets remember these facilities were completely unequal. The white facilities were obviously more luxurious in every way, and throughout the whole country it was obvious that in no section blacks were treated equal. The most important goal of these laws was to keep blacks from voting. Whites realized that once blacks were able to vote freely they truly were equal to every citizen. The best way they kept blacks from voting was through literacy tests. Through all the efforts whites were putting to keep blacks from voting they have been successful allowing less than 10% of blacks voting in the south in 1910. These segregation laws stayed until Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which overturned the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson. The decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. It was realized after this that racial segregation was ruled a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision paved the way for integration in the south and throughout the United States and was a major win in the civil rights movement. Blacks were most successfully when they were organized. The organized bus boycott, sit-ins, freedom rides, and march on Washington brought national attention to the war on civil rights. Martin Luther King Jr. led these events; his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is world famous now due to the significance of the civil rights movement. These demonstrations were pivotal for the African American community in declaring their liberty. Finally when the Civil rights Act of 1964 passed along with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, discrimination because of race was outlawed and any color human being could vote. Blacks were finally free and were the true winners of the civil rights movement 1950s and 1960s. They were finally equal and there rights were fully instilled. (Sources: The Logic of American Politics)

Strategies for Prevention of Childhood obesity Essay

Strategies for Prevention of Childhood obesity - Essay Example Even though the major participants involved in the research were children with various cases and issues of obesity, the evaluation is going to be conducted using parents of children as the major respondents to the evaluation tool to be designed. The idea behind this is that the parents are in a better position to produce written answers to questions than the children. Moreover, most of the interventions that were designed were to be applied by the parents rather than the children since the children are constantly under the care of their parents (Harper, 2006). To this end, the parents are seen to be in a better position to feeding the researcher with critical data and information that borders on the health of their children. This notwithstanding, the children will not be excluded all together. This is because the researcher would need their involvement when it comes to quantitative data collection such as the measurement of their body mass index.Evaluation Data Collection Process The evaluation data collection is going to take place in two phases. First will be the collection of quantitative data including the measurement of the height, the weight and age of participants, who in this case will be the children. This will be followed by the distribution of questionnaire to the parents of the children. The question shall contain questions divided along three major lines as indicated in the methods in the table above will have to be submitted to the researcher.... To this end, the parents are seen to be in a better position to feeding the researcher with critical data and information that borders on the health of their children. This notwithstanding, the children will not be excluded all together. This is because the researcher would need their involvement when it comes to quantitative data collection such as the measurement of their body mass index. Evaluation Data Collection Process The evaluation data collection is going to take place in two phases. First will be the collection of quantitative data including the measurement of the height, weight and age of participants, who in this case will be the children. This will be followed by the distribution of questionnaire to the parents of the children. The question shall contain questions divided along three major lines as indicated in the methods in the table above. Ahead of the distribution of the questionnaire to the respondents, the researcher shall have a mini-conference with the respondent s to clearly define their role in the evaluation exercise, as well as address any issues that are unclear to them. With the consent of all respondents, a date shall be set when the completed questionnaire will have to be submitted to the researcher. Evaluation Data Analysis Plan On the first method which has to do with the adherence to specified eating pattern, questions will be asked based on the intervention, which defined a definitive dietary matrix or guide for the children. Parents will be asked to give a qualitative evaluation of how best they have stake to the plan by answering questions in a 4 likert scale namely â€Å"very often, often, not often,

THE_MEDIA_DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THE_MEDIA_DB - Essay Example In democracy, people have the freedom to profess what they believe. There is freedom of speech and expression. The American declaration of independence, the French declaration of the rights of man etc. have emphasised the importance of freedom. Freedom is essential for the all round development and personality of the individual. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights also emphasised the importance of freedom. All democratic constitutions of the word provide freedom to the people. So, there is no doubt that freedom is essential and most popular struggles have been for freedom. Now the question is to what extent freedom is permissible? Is complete freedom desirable? If freedom is to be restricted, who has the power to do so? It is an accepted view that freedom is to be restricted in such a way that one’s exercise of freedom should not affect exercise of similar freedom by other individuals and should not take away the rights of other individuals. The issues mentioned above ar e relevant to internet freedom also. Virtual space has become a reality. Internet has penetrated to every part of the world. It is the era of e-governance and e -commerce. People spent more time at internet than before. Information, political or otherwise is acceble to all. Social networking sites are growing and corporate sector is also making use of the facilities associated with internet. The internet provides opportunity for people to relate with anybody in any part of the world. It is easy to spread ideas and form groups. So, there is reason to believe that internet promotes freedom and democracy. With the help of internet, administration has become more transparent. Political parties and candidates conduct election campaigns using internet. In a recent university address titled â€Å"Internet Rights and Wrongs: Choices and Challenges in a Networked World,† Secretary of State Hillary Clinton berated authoritarian regimes and praised the people of Tunisia and Egypt for us ing digital tools to organise democratic protests (On real Internet Freedom). In that address Mrs. Clinton underscored high opportunity cost for countries which filter or shut down the Internet (On real Internet Freedom). She praised twitter for helping frustrated citizens of the Arab world. It can be said that discontent in Tunisia exploded in public anger when Wiki Leaks published the cables on the U.S. ambassador's assessment of corruption by President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali (On real Internet Freedom). The Tunisian uprising was triggered by the revelations of wiki leaks and internet. In the era of wiki leaks, publishing secrets is a major danger of unchecked internet. The judicial position on the Pentagon Papers on Vietnam, refusing to grant prior restraint on publication of classified documents, serves as a clear guide for internet freedom (On real Internet Freedom). While acknowledging the fact that internet freedom is important, unchecked internet freedom pause certain danger s to the political world. One such danger is related to secrecy. It is natural that every individual, organisation and state has some secret things which it wants to keep private and do not like to disclose. In the interest of national interest, a state has a right to keep certain things secret. It may be a part of the strategy. Disclosing such things might hamper national security. Internet facilitates publication of such documents as evidence by wiki Leaks. But this is not a reason shut down internet