Macbeth, By William Shakespeare - 936 Words

When the king is murdered the old man proclaims it as â€Å"unnatural,† comparing it to the killing of a falconer by an owl. Macbeth betrays his own humanity. He fights against his human senses that tell him to surrender the deadly plans at tries to twist his own inclination and to shy from his character to his new role as a culprit of underhandedness. In Act I, scene VII, pages 15-18 he says: â€Å" I am settled and bend up each corporal agent to this terrible feat./ Away, and mock the time with fairest show; False face must hide what the false heart doth know.† This shows the battle he faces to defeat his own particular humankind and rather changes into an instrument of wickedness. Toward the end of his life Macbeth mirrors that human life is: â€Å"†¦but a walking shadow; a poor player who struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.†(Shakespeare, V, V, p. 77) An essential part of humanism is that mankind can decide his or her destiny and not be managed by some outside power. We can see this in Julius Caesar, Act I, Scene 2 â€Å"Men at some time are masters of their fates: the fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The play is morally confusing play, which might just be Shakespeare’s point, that morality is a shifting battlefield. It is thought that this play is about loyalty, but loyalties seem to clash in Julius Caesar. Loyalty to leaders versus the loyalty to theShow MoreRelatedMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a ScottishRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1425 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth Just Can’t Wait To Be King Everyone has a quality that they do not like about themselves. Some people struggle to be social, others may be too controlling of people. The list goes on and on, but the point is that everybody has a particular quality that they must learn to control or else that particular quality can get out of hand. Of course, one could write a list of characters that have major flaws. There is no better example than William Shakespeare’s character, Macbeth, in The TragedyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1409 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air.† On October 17th, I had the pleasure of going to see Macbeth performed at the Shakespeare Tavern. Along with its reputation for being â€Å"cursed,† Macbeth is also known as one of the crown jewels of William Shakespeare’s repertoire. In my opinion, the central concept of this particular retelling of the play was the murkiness of character. Throughout the pla y, the many characters go through fierce temptation and strife, and noneRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1203 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth is a play based on King James I, it was written by William Shakespeare, however this play isn’t a king and queen fairy tale, but it’s a play about greed and guilt, chaos and murder and three evil witches who use prophecies to influence Macbeth to do bad things, using flattery would instigate his inner ambition to become king, which in the end doesn’t lead to a very happy ending. Shakespeare’s, Macbeth, was written in the early Jacobean period. During those times, women had no power, theyRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1243 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, the author portrays the main character Macbeth as a very tortured and flawed individual whose actions only serve to further unravel him. He is conflicted and power hungry, which drives him to perform evil murders and become a ruthless person. Macbeth’s moral compass is not resilient enough to withstand his wife’s manipulations and he is provoked to act on his malicious thoughts of murder. The author explores the terrible effects that ambition and guilt can haveRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesreaction†. Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tale which illuminates the consequences of violating the â€Å"Natural order†, the hierarchy of beings in the universe. When Macbeth, a warrior wel l-known for his courage and bravery, murders King Duncan acting on his unchecked ambition to claim the throne, the order was disrupted, the result†¦chaos. Shakespeare uses symbolism to illustrate the atmosphere of the play as the natural order is flung into a state of turmoil. These techniques used by Shakespeare is usedRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent references in the play of how a king deals with power and if they use it for better or for their own personal gain. In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s obsession with his journey to power leads to his failure. This obsession is demonstrated through the prophecies, the murder of his best friend Banquo, and his own demise. Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. This is indicated throughout the play with theRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1045 Words   |  5 PagesBlood appears in only two forms, but many times in Macbeth by William Shakespeare; between the war scene at the beginning of the play and the lifting of Macbeth’s severed being lifted by Macduff at the end. It can be said that Macbeth could have been written in blood that there is such a large amount. What is unique about blood in Macbeth is that the â€Å"imaginary blood† or the guilt that the murderer feels plays more of a role of understand and amplifying the theme of the play, that blood is guiltRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1431 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth, though originally a valiant and prudent soldier, deteriorates into an unwise king whose rash decisions conclusively end in the atrophy of his title, power, and position. Several facto rs contribute to the downfall of Macbeth, which produce a contagion effect and ultimately end with his demise. He receives help from his â€Å"inner ambitions and external urgings† which result in his downfall (Bernad 49). The â€Å"external urgings† consist of the weird sisters who disclose his prophecies, which enlightenRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe oxford dictionary definition of guilt, 1, the fact of having committed a specified or implied offence or crime, 1.1, a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in obligation. In Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Macbeth, the titular character and his wife Lady Macbeth kill the King in order to become King and Queen themselves, this came with consequences which are still relevant in society today. The guilt they felt and the relevance to sleeplessness are common topics almost four hundred

Synopsis on Consumer Behaving Behaviour Free Essays

Consumer Buying Behaviour Introduction: Consumer buying behavior is the study of human responses to products or services and the marketing of products/services. The study of consumer behavior focuses on how individuals make their decisions to spend their available resources (time, money, effort) on consumption related itemsor consumption related aspects (What they buy? When they buy? How they buy? ). It also study of individuals, or organisations and the processes consumers use to search, select, use and dispose of products, services, experience, or ideas to satisfy needs and its impact on the consumer and society. We will write a custom essay sample on Synopsis on Consumer Behaving Behaviour or any similar topic only for you Order Now Buyer behaviour is deeply rooted in psychology with dashes of sociology thrown in just to make things more interesting. Since every person in the world is different, it is impossible to have simple rules that explain how buying decisions are made. But those who have spent many years analysing customer activity have presented us with useful â€Å"guidelines† in how someone decides whether or not to make a purchase. The evaluation of marketing concept from mere selling concept to consumerorientedmarketing has resulted in buyer behaviour becoming an independentdiscipline. The growth of consumerism and consumer legislation emphasizes theimportance that is given to the consumer. Some consumers are characterized as being more involved in products andshopping than others. A consumer who is highly involved with a product wouldbe interested in knowing a lot about it before purchasing. Hence he readsbrochures thoroughly, compares brands and models available at different outlets, asks questions, and looks for recommendations. Thus consumer buying behaviour can be defined as heightened state of awareness that motivates consumer’s to seek out, attend to, and think about product information prior to purchase. Company profile: The City of Chennai is the Citadel of South. This City is known for promotion of culture, tradition and industry. The House of Khivraj is well known in the Automobilein this Metro. The flag ship company of the Group is â€Å"KHIVRAJ MOTORS LTD â€Å". This Company was dealing in the vehicles manufactured by Hindustan Motors Ltd for 35 years. This company was also dealing in two and Three Wheelers of Bajaj Auto Ltd for four decades. Now, the company has taken Dealership for Maruti Vehicles. The Company is proud to have an independent Body shop with modern gadgets. The Company has diverted the Dealership for Bajaj Auto Ltd. ’s products to its sister concerns to have clear focus in its operations. These concerns have modern show rooms and operate speciality ideal workshops for two and Three Wheelers. The automobile turnover of the group has crossed billion rupees. The management of the Company vests with Shri AJIT KUMAR CHORDIA who is a young dynamic technocrat and administrator with admirable skills in different spheres and Shri BHARAT KUMAR CHORDIA a young administrator who is known for his acumen in several fields and managerial capacity. They are guided by the Company Chairman Shri NAVARATANMULL CHORDIA who is groomed by the Founder of the Company Late Shri KHIVRAJ CHORDIA. Statement of the Problem: †¢ Consumers are booking for a bike and at last they are not purchasing the bike. †¢ Availability of goods services at proper time. †¢ Comparing of dealership in terms of price and discount. Need for the Study: †¢ To understand the buying roles of the consumer †¢ To analyse the consumer’s decision making process. †¢ To know growing market segments of company for consumers To know what features or product design acceptable by consumer Objectives of Study: †¢ To understand the major factors influencing consumer behaviour. †¢ To Know and recognize the types of buying behaviour decision behaviour. †¢ To understand how consumers make purchasing decisions and respond to purchasing. †¢ To understand how marketers analyse consumer decision-making. Scope of the Study: †¢ To distinguish different consumer groups and to develop products that satisfies the needs. To understand how consumers make purchasing choices among products/services. †¢ To know how consumers will respond to different product features, prices, advertisement appeals. Research Methodology: Research methodology is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested. In other words research methodology is an endeavour to discover answers to intellectual and practical problems through the application of scientific method. Research Design: Survey research is the systematic gathering of information from respondents for the purpose of understanding and/or predicting some aspects of the behaviour ofthe population of interest. It is the most common method of collecting primarydata for marketing decisions. Survey can provide data on attitudes, feelings, beliefs, past and intended behaviour, knowledge, ownership, personal characteristics and other descriptive items. Survey research is concerned withadministration of questionnaires (interviewing). The survey research must beconcerned with sampling, questionnaire design, questionnaire administrationand data analysis. Sampling: Sampling is the process of selecting units (e. g. , people, organizations) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen Sample size: The sample size of a statistical sample is the number of observations that constitute it. It is typically denoted n, a positive integer. Total 200 samples taken for analysis and interpretation. Data collection methods: For making analysis and interpreting the data; there are two methods have been used for collecting the data i. e. primary method and secondary method. Tool for data collection: Questionnaire (Sequence and layout) †¢ Primary Data: Questionnaire Method and interviewing method. †¢ Secondary Data: Marketing Management book and weekly journals. Chapter Scheme: Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Company Profile Chapter 3. Research Methodology Chapter 4. Analysis and Interpretation Chapter 5. Findings recommendations and Conclusion How to cite Synopsis on Consumer Behaving Behaviour, Essay examples

Security Enhancement in Tracking Area Update

Question: Write an essay on "improving the security techniques in 4G LTE". Answer: 1. Introduction: The emergence of LTE as the preferred communication technology in the global arena, shows that the issue of security is an immediate concern that the MNO (mobile network operators) need to focus (Abeta, 2010). Designers of the LTE network architecture always kept simplicity in mind that accepts the IP based new system with MME (mobile management entity) and Serving gateway as the indispensable elements. This new system however, needs the security design as its protocols including authentication process, session management which is the key to the LTE adoption success at commercial level. The LTE system consists of the location status update and paging which is composed of Tracking areas TA in Tracking area list TAL (Bikos Sklavos, 2013). It is widely known fact that each of the MNO has implemented its own security system and mostly are using DoS (denial of service) attack detection technologies. The issue hence is to evaluate the TAU (Tracking area update) analysis that is integral t o the LTE operations process is of emerging importance to the MNO firms that should be able to protect the service gateway. In an evolutionary note, each of the LTE networks need to try to design the security mapping that addresses the broader technical and stakeholder requirements (Astely et al., 2013). The LTE system assigns the security element to the TA but the security system at each phase in the total architecture thwarts the intrusion which largely a gap. The emergence of the technology in the mobile communication which lacks in the security features therefore needs the security to be enhanced in order to TAU method in the networks supporting LTE to be robust and failsafe (Cao et al. 2014). It will hence be a long term solution and preferred platform or else the LTE technology will lose the commercial viability with an abrupt end in the adoption cycle by users and also by MNO. 1.1 Research aim: To find out the security enhancement in Tracking Area Update(TAU) procedure in LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks 1.2 Resesrach objectives: To understand the LTE network architecture and working mechanism To evaluate the security structure and TAU To find out the best practices of security enhancement system from global cases To propose the evolutionary security enhancement in TAU for evolution in the LTE networks 1.3 Research questions: Question 1: What is the structure of LTE network and its working mechanism? Question 2: How does the security in TAU work and affect whole system? Question 3: What are the security best practices that can aid enhancements? Question 4: How can best practices be applied in TAU to make LTE failsafe? 2. Literature review: In order to understand the criticalities, the literature review will outline the past research and the concepts which will shape the discussion. The current research will be carried out in the arena of LTE which is an emerging mobile technology platform in the world. However there issues of security are plaguing the lifecycle of the technology platform and hence it calls for the developers to take a note on that. The LTE architecture has the MME which is the control plane entity and supports the TA list management (Abdul Basit, 2009). The Tracking Area TA, is referred to the limits within which the user of LTE can access the network without notifying the MME (Piro et al. 2011). The TAL or tracking area list is what the UE gets from a mobile cell in the form of TAI or tracking area identity. The element TAU tracking area update hence can inform the EPC (evolved packet core) for all the registered UEs in the connected state (Purkhiabani Salahi, 2011). The TAU procedure, as it is defined, gets the triggers. The UE initiates it by sending a TAU request to the eNoDeB that carries the RRC parameters for the rebalancing of load. The eNoDeB derives MME in the selected network, where UE shows that TAU procedure is active and triggered by load rebalancing (Purkhiabani et al. 2011). The new MME that receives the GUTI from UE usually sends a context request to get the user information. UE validates that new MME has validated the integrity protection of TAU message. If the context request send then the old MME usually responds with the message, so the integrity of TAU request message is checked, which in case does not match then fails the authentication. However, MME either skips authentication or accepts it to continue TAU procedure, while when UE (emergency and non emergency) services fails, MME continues the TAU procedure with deactivation of PDN connection. MME can change to a new MME and relocate to SGW, and serve a new SGW. It also ver ifies the EPS bearer status from UE in relation to other bearer context, while SGW informs PGW in relation to the new change that is updated (Razavi et al. 2014). This returns a modified bearer response MSISDN to route the PDUs to the PDW. It in the eNoDeB that creates a session response for the new MME that verifies if it holds data for the UE or by the IMSI of the context data from old node. MME sends an update location request to HSS, and the SGSN registration is not cancelled. If the EPS bearers of UE has an emergency value then new MME skips updation of location process. HSS sends cancel location (IMSI) to old MME. If the CSG ID has expired, MME sends a tracking area update reject message to UE (Roy et al. 2012). There are many conditions through which the TAU procedures can be triggered and most commonly when the UE detects its presence in a new area, that is registered with the MNO network, or when TA has expired over time (Khandekar et al. 2010). The first issue where the UE enters the new TA which does not have the list of TAIs that is registered with UE is a known issue. The security issues as per the signalling procedures show that the there is an integrity check when the context request message is there. There is evidence that LTE system architecture assumes itself as a default initiator, so for the illegal third party users attacking MME is easy as it does not have any protection protocol (Chung, 2011). Thus, the TAU methods which is dependent on the MME completely does not have enough strong safety mechanism in terms of vulnerability from the external attacks. The overloading of the serving gateway happens when the MME gets the context of multiple users and it send the create bearer request to the serving gateway. The overloading happens when the UE switches to the new TA has exceptions to it (Lei et al. 2012). MME even after authentication procedure from UE, send a large number of create bearer request on real time. The phone which has programmable features can connect and trigger, the TAU requests which are send to new serving gateway from the eNodeB. The third situation is when the users send TAU requests to validate the users. The MME is housed in a safe network which is insufficient to ward off the third party intrusions when there is falsifying of user validation (Doppler et al. 2009). The enhancement of security hence seeks an architecture which is capable of recognising the problem earlier discussed. The incapability of recognising the mobile phone is a concern and hence an unique code like IMSI name and number in a TAU message can be useful (Liou et al. 2013). The change in the configuration is a necessary step that will ideally seek to gather information about the best practices of security in the mobile telecommunication s platform. Most importantly, the issue of serving gateway overload is a issue that needs introspection. The TAU procedures needs attention as the TAU request message that leads to MME working improperly ideally needs check as it causes create bearer request in the system. The ability to falsify information like number of users, also triggers of TAU procedures needs a check (Purkhiabani Salahi, 2011). The new security either needs the time based security protocols, or design identity responsive system which will eliminate the false phone user s in the network. The discarding of the packet of information by the Serving gateway can be strengthened by alternate technologies that support to identify the user (Ewe Bakker, 2011). The current LTE structure does not allow which shows gap in the security mechanism as third parties are able to fake the user identity to stay in the network and intrude the platform. This gap in the security has the opportunity to seek a solution that fills in the gaps in the existing system. The intrusion instances will be studied from the real time data and frequencies will be maintained and can lead to the trends which can be opportunities to find security enhancements. In this research the new security solution will be a new phenomenon which will be a study of the existing trends. 3. Research Methodology The current research will be carried out using an exploratory investigation as existing research on the chosen topic is inadequate. Exploratory research will be supported by qualitative data collection, mainly collected from secondary sources and analysed using case study design. Hence, the inductive method of theory/knowledge building will be feasible while understanding the security enhancement in TAU procedure in LTE networks. The researcher will follow a interpretivism philosophy which will help to carry out subjective research, instead of statistical analysis or mathematical calculations. Each of the research elements chosen in the methodology is discussed below with appropriate justification for making such choices 3.1 Exploratory research Denzin and Lincoln (2011) explained that exploratory research is usually followed when the actual research problem is not clearly defined and further studies are necessary to understand the nature of problems. It mainly emphasises on understanding the what of the problems by focusing on elaborate theories, explanations, perceptions and emotions shared by the research subjects. Using exploratory investigation, offers flexibility to carry out research using an informal approach rather than chasing already identified research problems, or testing hypothesis. Through exploratory research, what is the mechanism of security enhancement in TAU procedure in LTE networks will be identified and presented. 3.2 Interpretivism Interpretivism is a branch of epistemology that supports exploratory research and thematic analysis of subjective data obtained through qualitative data collection (Saunders et al. 2009). It opposes the positivist philosophy of quantitative research, scientific data testing and arriving at objective outcomes. Interpretivism is found suitable because the current study requires elaborate understanding on security enhancement in TAU and related concepts that is possible through qualitative research. The scope for scientific/statistical data testing is limited in this research, as the trend analysis to find the gaps in security lapses and reasons will be tabulated. 3.3 Inductive approach Inductive approach, as a theory building process starts with the observation of a phenomena, collection of elaborate data (usually qualitative research), studying the data patterns, formulating tentative hypothesis, and finally developing new knowledge base (Saunders et al. 2009). Deductive approach follows an opposite pattern, and tests already existing theories/concepts using quantitative approach. Inductive approach will be suitable because it will help to understand the procedures followed in security enhancement in TAU by studying existing research that already exists. Moreover, inductive research also aligns with the exploratory investigation, interpretivism and qualitative data collection to arrive at new concepts. 3.4 Qualitative data collection Qualitative research emphasises on discovering understanding experiences, thoughts and perspectives of human subjects either through interaction or stories already published. Qualitative research helps to maximise objectivity and generalisibility of the findings using extensive analysis of subjective information (Denzin and Lincoln, 2011). Qualitative research will help to understand the and interpret the opinion already put forward by experts dealing with security enhancement in TAU in long term evolution (LTE) networks in the information technology field. By interpreting already published data through secondary research such as case studies, thematic analysis can be carried out in order to clearly identify the problem and develop a conceptual framework. Quantitative research will not be suitable because it focuses more on statistical (quantitative) data testing to resolve a clearly identified problem. Quantitative research also aligns with positivism, deductive approach, and usually descriptive investigation that will not be suitable to understand the mechanisms used for security enhancement in TAU procedures in LTE networks. Qualitative data can be collected using interviews, focus group, action research (primary research) and case studies (mainly secondary research) depending on the feasibility, timelines, and complexity involved in the chosen topic. However, in the current research, the use of case studies will be followed to collect qualitative data from already published journals, articles, reports, research papers, and discourses relating to the IT subject. 3.5 Case studies Yin (2009) explains that the use of case study, when integrated with exploratory research, is made to investigate what questions. Case study will help to maintain flexibility by going through diverse research materials already published on security enhancement in TAU procedure in LTE network. By going through published materials, the researcher will be able to understand the complex issues, and focus on details contextual analysis relating to existing events or situation. It will also help to carry out an empirical enquiry that will help to investigate the chosen phenomena within real life context (Yin, 2009). The following will be the steps to carry out case study research using qualitative data collection Determine/define the research question Select appropriate cases to determine data collection and techniques for analysis Make preparation for data collection Data collection (mainly empirical) Analysis and evaluation of data Preparation of the report The creation of an enhanced security system hence will be closely related to the PLC (product life cycle curve) that will test the robustness of security in the LTE framework. References Abdul Basit, S., 2009. Dimensioning of LTE Network Description of Models and Tool, Coverage and Capacity Estimation of 3GPP Long Term Evolution radio interface. Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering, MsC. Abeta, S., 2010. Toward LTE commercial launch and future plan for LTE enhancements (LTE-Advanced). Association, G. mobile S., 2014. Astely, D. et al., 2013. LTE release 12 and beyond. IEEE Communications Magazine, 51(7), pp.154160. Bikos, a Sklavos, N., 2013. LTE/SAE security issues on 4G wireless networks. SP, vol. 11, n(March-April 2013), pp.pp. Cao, J. et al., 2014. A survey on security aspects for LTE and LTE-A networks. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 16(1), pp.283302. Chung, Y.W., 2011. Adaptive design of tracking area list in LTE. In 8th IEEE and IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks, WOCN2011. Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Page 271, 4th ed. London: Sage Publications. Doppler, K. et al., 2009. Device-to-device communication as an underlay to LTE-advanced networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47(12), pp.4249. Ewe, L. Bakker, H., 2011. Base station distributed handover optimization in LTE self-organizing networks. In IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC. pp. 243247. Khandekar, A. et al., 2010. LTE-advanced: Heterogeneous networks. In 2010 European Wireless Conference, EW 2010. pp. 978982. Lei, L. et al., 2012. Operator controlled device-to-device communications in LTE-advanced networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 19(3), pp.96104. Liou, R.H., Lin, Y.B. Tsai, S.C., 2013. An investigation on LTE Mobility management. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(1), pp.166176. Piro, G. et al., 2011. Simulating LTE cellular systems: An open-source framework. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60(2), pp.498513. Purkhiabani, M. Salahi, A., 2011. Enhanced authentication and key agreement procedure of next generation evolved mobile networks. In 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, ICCSN 2011. pp. 557563. Purkhiabani, M. Salahi, A., 2011. Enhanced authentication and key agreement procedure of next generation evolved mobile networks. In 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, ICCSN 2011. pp. 557563. Purkhiabani, M., Salahi, A. Nejati, M., 2011. Analysis of authentication traffic in next generation 3GPP LTE networks. In 7th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCOM 2011. Razavi, S.M. Yuan, D., 2014. Reducing signaling overhead by overlapping tracking area list in LTE. In 2014 7th IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference, WMNC 2014. Roy, a., Shin, J. Saxena, N., 2012. Entropy-based location management in long-term evolution cellular systems. IET Communications, 6(2), p.138. Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2009) Research methods for business students, Page 52, 5th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.